On fundoscopy the nasal margin is usually more blurred than the temporal margins. Normal optic cup: optic disc ratio is : 01 to 0.5. In patients with glucoma, the ratio is increased. Patient with very ...

If acuity of a patient is 20/40 this means that patient has to move to 20 feet to view what a person with normal vision can view at 40 feet. If acuity is 6/12 indicates that the patient has to move to ...

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The Burstein, Papille et. al classification of germinal matrix haemorrhage was based on cranial ultrasound findings in neonates.The classification has 4 grades.   Grade Ihaemorrhage within the ge ...

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme in the Kreb cycle. IDH mutations are see in brain tumours. The IDH mutations are associated with better prognosis. IDH are seen more in secondary ...

Hydrocephalus is often associated with paediatric posterior fossa tumours. About 75% of patients at the time of presentation have hydrocephalus. Following resection of posterior fossa tumours, 1/3 of ...

Chiari I has protean clinical manifestations (1). Tics in patients with Chiari I malformation is very rare; in these cases, it is thought that the Chiari I malformation and the tic are unrelated. ...

DefinitionCalcified cephalohaematoma is cephalohaematoma that is calcified.Cephalohaematoma is haematology under the periosteum and teh outer table of skull. This occurs following instrumented ...

There are currently several classifications for levels of evidence. The following is a classification cited in the Journal of Neurosurgery (Editorial. JT Rutka).Evidence LevelDescriptionIi) Randomised ...

DefinitionHemispheric hypodensity (HH) or 'black brain' on CT scan of the head following severe head injury in infants and toddlers.It is characterised by:loss of grey-white differentiation of the ...